Comparative changes study section wise in tabular format between BNSS 2023 and Crpc 1973

Creating a comparative analysis between the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023 and the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) 1973 requires an in-depth review of the entire text of both legal documents. However, I can provide a comprehensive outline and example of how to structure such a detailed analysis section-wise in a tabular format.

Comparative Analysis of BNSS 2023 and CrPC 1973

This analysis will cover the following sections:

1. Introduction
2. General Provisions
3. Investigation
4. Trial Procedures
5. Appeals and Revisions
6. Special Procedures
7. Miscellaneous Provisions

Example of Comparative Table

1. Introduction

Section	CrPC 1973	BNSS 2023	Key Changes
Preamble	The CrPC 1973 sets out the procedure for the administration of criminal law in India.	The BNSS 2023 aims to modernize the criminal justice system, incorporating technology and citizen-centric approaches.	Emphasis on modernization and technology in BNSS 2023.
Section 1	Title, extent, and commencement.	Title, extent, and commencement.	Similar in structure, but the BNSS 2023 includes additional provisions for digital processes.

2. General Provisions

Section	CrPC 1973	BNSS 2023	Key Changes
Section 2	Definitions	Definitions	BNSS 2023 introduces new definitions related to digital processes (e.g., eFIR).
Section 4	Trial of offenses under the Indian Penal Code and other laws	Trial of offenses under BNSS and other laws	Updated to reflect the replacement of IPC with BNSS.

3. Investigation

Section	CrPC 1973	BNSS 2023	Key Changes
Section 154	Information in cognizable cases (FIR)	Information in cognizable cases (eFIR and Zero FIR)	Introduction of eFIR and Zero FIR in BNSS 2023 for enhanced accessibility and jurisdictional flexibility.
Section 156	Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable cases	Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable cases	BNSS 2023 includes provisions for digital evidence and online reporting.

4. Trial Procedures

Section	CrPC 1973	BNSS 2023	Key Changes
Section 207	Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents	Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents	BNSS 2023 includes provisions for digital delivery of documents.
Section 235	Judgment of acquittal or conviction	Judgment of acquittal or conviction	Similar procedures, but BNSS 2023 includes mechanisms for digital recording of judgments.

5. Appeals and Revisions

Section	CrPC 1973	BNSS 2023	Key Changes
Section 372	No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided	No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided	Provisions for digital submission and tracking of appeals in BNSS 2023.
Section 397	Calling for records to exercise powers of revision	Calling for records to exercise powers of revision	Inclusion of digital record-keeping and retrieval in BNSS 2023.

6. Special Procedures

Section	CrPC 1973	BNSS 2023	Key Changes
Section 313	Power to examine the accused	Power to examine the accused	BNSS 2023 allows for video conferencing for examination.
Section 321	Withdrawal from prosecution	Withdrawal from prosecution	Additional checks and balances introduced in BNSS 2023 for withdrawal of cases.

7. Miscellaneous Provisions

Section	CrPC 1973	BNSS 2023	Key Changes
Section 482	Saving of inherent powers of High Court	Saving of inherent powers of High Court	Similar, but BNSS 2023 emphasizes expedited digital processes.
Section 484	Repeal and savings	Repeal and savings	Updates to reflect the transition from CrPC to BNSS.

Detailed Section-wise Comparative Study

For a detailed section-wise comparative study, the table would be expanded with more sections and subsections, providing specific changes, interpretations, and implications for each part. This would include:

• Detailed Provisions: Each section and subsection should be broken down to detail the specific procedural changes, terminologies introduced or altered, and the implications of these changes on the legal processes.
• Technological Integration: Highlight how BNSS 2023 incorporates technology for filing complaints, evidence collection, trials, and documentation.
• Citizen-Centric Approaches: Discuss the emphasis on making the legal process more accessible to the public through digital means.
• Jurisdictional Changes: Note any significant changes in jurisdictional procedures and their potential impact on law enforcement and judiciary efficiency.
• Transitional Provisions: Explain how existing cases and procedures under the CrPC will transition to the new BNSS framework.

Conclusion

The detailed comparative analysis would span multiple pages and sections, providing a comprehensive understanding of how BNSS 2023 updates and reforms the criminal procedure framework established by the CrPC 1973. This approach not only modernizes the process but also aims to make it more transparent, efficient, and accessible to the citizens of India.